Operating System Interview Question
Operating System Interview Questions
Operating System Interview Question for Freshers
What is operating system ?
An operating system is known as a software program that facilitates computer hardware to converse and work with computer software. It is the most significant part of a computer system without it computer is just like a container.
What do you mean by SMP ?
SMP refers to Symmetric Multi-Processing. It is the most ordinary kind of multiple-processor systems. In this system, each computer runs an equal copy of the operating system, and these copies converse with one another as desired.
Define thread ?
A thread is an essential component of CPU utilization. In broad, a thread is collected of a thread ID, program answer, register set, and the pile.
What is Kernel ?
The kernel is the centre and most significant part of a computer operating system which provides essential services for all parts of the OS.
What is Define deadlock ?
Deadlock is a detailed situation where two processes are waiting for each other to total so that they can begin. But this situation causes droop for both of them.
What is booting ?
It is a procedure of turning on the computer by loading the kernel.
What is virtual memory ?
Virtual memory is a memory management method that helps to execute a process using primary and secondary memories. Though the program gets executed using the main memory, the resources and pages load from the secondary memory.
What is a process ?
A program in execution is known as a process.
Explain FCFS and the main problem it causes.
It stands for First Come First Serve (FCFS), and it is a scheduling algorithm. According to this algorithm, the CPU serves that process first, which approaches it first. FCFS can cause the starvation problem in which the process does not get the proper resources.
What is cache memory ?
It is a volatile computer memory directly attached to the register, which provides high-speed data access to the processor.
What is a context switch ?
Context can be referred to as the data in the register. A context switch is a procedure in which the CPU changes from one task to another task.
What are page frames ?
Page frames are the fixed size contiguous areas into which the main memory is divided by the virtual memory.
Differentiate between logical and physical address.
Physical addresses are actual addresses used for fetching and storing data in main memory when the process is under execution.Logical addresses are generated by user programs. During process loading, they are converted by the loader into physical address.
What is process migration ?
It is the transfer of sufficient amount of the state of process from one machine to the target machine.
What do you mean by process synchronization ?
Process synchronization is basically a way to coordinate processes that use shared resources or data. It is very much essential to ensure synchronized execution of cooperating processes so that will maintain data consistency. Its main purpose is to share resources without any interference using mutual exclusion. There are two types of process synchronization. Independent Process and Cooperative Process.
What is SMP ?
SMP stands for Symmetric MultiProcessing. It is the most common type of multiple processor system. In SMP, each processor runs an identical copy of the operating system, and these copies communicate with one another when required.
What is RAID? What are the different RAID levels ?
RAID stands for Redundant Array of Independent Disks. It is used to store the same data redundantly to improve the overall performance. Following are the different RAID levels:
- RAID 0 - Stripped Disk Array without fault tolerance
- RAID 1 - Mirroring and duplexing
- RAID 2 - Memory-style error-correcting codes
- RAID 3 - Bit-interleaved Parity
- RAID 4 - Block-interleaved Parity
- RAID 5 - Block-interleaved distributed Parity
- RAID 6 - P+Q Redundancy
What is Banker's algorithm ?
Banker's algorithm is used to avoid deadlock. It is the one of deadlock-avoidance method. It is named as Banker's algorithm on the banking system where bank never allocates available cash in such a manner that it can no longer satisfy the requirements of all of its customers.
What is fragmentation ?
Fragmentation is a phenomenon of memory wastage. It reduces the capacity and performance because space is used inefficiently.
How many types of fragmentation occur in Operating System ?
There are two types of fragmentation, Internal fragmentation and External fragmentation.
- Internal fragmentation - It is occurred when we deal with the systems that have fixed size allocation units.
- External fragmentation - It is occurred when we deal with systems that have variable-size allocation units.
What is semaphore ?
Semaphore is a protected variable or abstract data type that is used to lock the resource being used. The value of the semaphore indicates the status of a common resource. There are two types of semaphore. Binary semaphores and Counting semaphores.
What is a binary Semaphore ?
Binary semaphore takes only 0 and 1 as value and used to implement mutual exclusion and synchronize concurrent processes.
What is starvation in Operating System ?
Starvation is Resource management problem. In this problem, a waiting process does not get the resources it needs for a long time because the resources are being allocated to other processes.
What is aging in Operating System ?
Aging is a technique used to avoid the starvation in resource scheduling system.
What are the advantages of multithreaded programming ?
Enhance the responsiveness to the users, Resource sharing within the process, Economical, Completely utilize the multiprocessing architecture.
What is thrashing ?
It is a phenomenon in virtual memory schemes when the processor spends most of its time swapping pages, rather than executing instructions. This is due to an inordinate number of page faults.
What is virtual memory ?
Virtual memory is hardware technique where the system appears to have more memory that it actually does. This is done by time-sharing, the physical memory and storage parts of the memory one disk when they are not actively being used.
What is context switching ?
Transferring the control from one process to other process requires saving the state of the old process and loading the saved state for new process. This task is known as context switching.
What are the states of a process ?
- New
- Running
- Waiting
- Ready
- Terminated